HERD IMMUNITY

I believe the coronavirus pandemic is overstated and the wrong approach is being used. First, the 1957-58 Asian flu (H2N2) resulted in a stated 69,800 deaths in the USA; the 1968-69 Hong Kong flu (H3N2) resulted in approx. 100,000 deaths in the USA. The country, and indeed the world, was not shut down as now. The concept of “Herd Immunity” where the low risk populations go about their normal work and every day activities may be the best solution. The proponents of this view, which include medical specialists, believe that by exposing these relatively young and healthy individuals they would become immune to the disease and therefore the disease would die out for lack of hosts. Of course, the older and health challenged people (I include me) should still be protected as much as possible. How to protect these people without overtly discriminating against them is somewhat of a dilemma. Perhaps the best approach should be trying to persuade them to protect themselves rather than by demanding that they do so by “social distancing”, wearing protective masks in public, and not congregating in crowded places such as restaurants, sporting events, or other social gatherings. This too, as the cliché goes, will pass. A central idea to this concept, supported by more and more studies, shows that the number of people who have contacted the coronavirus is greatly understated by an order of magnitude or even by a factor of 20 or more. In New York (19 counties) a study of 7500 people were tested with a positive of 15% (extrapolated to 2.9 million cases) of the population. This gives a death rate of about 0.01%; In a study in Miami, Dade County 6% of the population tested positive which gives a 0.1% death rate, 16 times the number of reported cases; A study in Los Angles County showed approx. 4.1% were infected which yielded a total of 221.000 to 442,000, making that 28 to 55 higher than the 8000 confirmed; Similar results were found in studies in Iceland, Germany, and Australia. The New England Journal of Medicine reported that a large-scale COVID-19 diagnostic testing effort in Iceland found 43% of positive cases reported no symptoms and there was a low rate of infections in children under 10 years of age. The University of Bonn in Germany randomly tested a group of 1000 people in the city of Gangelt, one of the area’s most heavily infested, and found 2% of the population had the virus and 14% had antibodies. Approx. 15% had been infected suggesting a mortality rate of 0.37%. The seasonal flu mortality rate is 0.1%. The SARS mortality rate was 9.6% and the MERS mortality rate was 34.4% according to Johns Hopkins, the CDC, and the New England Journal of Medicine. In Australia the Prime Minister, Scott Morrison said, “The incidents of cases amongst younger recovered people is much lower than the rest of the population.” According to Graham T. Allison, political scientist at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, of the current 66, 000+ deaths in the USA fewer than 100 of these are people under 25 years old and fewer than 1000 for people under 45 years old. The deaths of those who are 65 years old or more comprise 80% of the total deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) once stated that 3.4% of people getting COVID-19 would die. Two new studies now state this number is 0.1%. If this is representative of this pandemic then it is highly contagious, but also highly fragile and not nearly as deadly as is now being assumed. Additionally it may well be that some of the deaths were overstated. Pathologists in some states were pressured into putting on death certificates the cause of death being COVID-19 even if they had doubts that was the case. Wall Street Journal headline: “Flawed Data: Covid-19 Deaths Much Lower Than Expected”. The WSJ raised the distinct possibility that the numbers of deaths due to the coronavirus are so flawed that the lockdowns of the order we have seen have not been necessary. Auxiliary effects due to the lockdown are the increases in divorces, domestic violence, illegal drug use and suicides. Others negative affects of the shutdown in the USA are that many people are not being treated for other medical procedures and examinations, even serious ones, either because they are afraid of going to medical facilities or they are not allowed to go to make room for COVID-19 patients. This resulted in premature deaths of some of these would be patients. The fear was that hospitals would be overwhelmed by COVID-19 patients. Because of this lockdown the opposite happened – ironically some hospitals were shutdown owing to a lack of these other patients. It has even been reported some parents were not showing up to get the usual vaccinations for their children, putting their children and other children at risk when schools reopen. According to some medical experts, If children get COVID-19 there is a extremely low probably that they will pass it on to other children or adults and have a near zero probably of dying from it themselves. This tells me that schools should immediately be reopened and perhaps should not have been closed initially. Seasonal flu is more dangerous to children than the coronavirus and schools do not close because of it. There is no correlation between how quickly some states locked down relative to others and the number of deaths from COVID-19 on a per capita basic. An unrealistic fear has gripped this nation, at least partially owing to the original overly pessimistic numbers of contagions, hospitalizations, and deaths resulting from the coronavirus. The words of then President Franklin Roosevelt at his first presidential inaugural address in 1933 concerning the Great Depression the country was in seem apt now: “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself, nameless, unreasoning, unjustified, terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.” When this coronavirus pandemic is over one can be sure there will be extensive post-mortems on the methods used to combat it, the lengths and extent of these interventions, and if some or all of these were necessary or even helpful. It is easily predicable there will be no complete consensus among the experts and the not so experts. Nevertheless I am willing to wait until there is more evidence to decide whether I am closer to the truth about this pandemic than the politicians and TV commentators and their guests, especially on MSNBC and CNN, but also to a lesser extent on ABC, CBS, NBC, the New York Times, and the Washington Post who insist that closing down the economy for an extended period of time effectively controlled this pandemic. I say not. Then there is the seemingly profligate spending of several $trillions for the genuine desire to help the millions of small businesses and previously employed and retired people, especially when this country already had a $24 trillion debt. There can be no reasonable conclusion other than inflation, previously under control, will reignite and might well do so as soon as later this year. To me the key, as it has been said a number of times, is that it is extremely important not to let the cure be more harmful than the disease – in this case the potential long term harm to the economy which could cause many millions of people in the USA to be financially, morally, and medically irreparably injured.

COVID-19 VS. PREVIOUS PANDEMICS & EPIDEMICS

Unfortunately this is my 2nd attempt to write this essay. I inadvertently (Naturally, would I intentionally do it?) deleted it just as I had finished the 5-page essay. Here it is again to the best of my ability and memory. This essay is a comparison of the current coronavirus pandemic with previously pandemics and epidemics and with other mass dying situations. In 2019 there were approx. 38,000 motor vehicle deaths in the USA and in 2016, the latest figure available, 1,350,000 deaths in the world. All of these deaths could not have rationally been avoided. However, speed is a killer and a significant number of deaths could have been saved by legislating and enforcing lower speed limits. In order not to inconvenience too many people and interfere somewhat with transportation commerce, lower speed limits than what now exist have not been imposed. It would logically appear that these lives are considered expendable. On average each year approx. 100,000 people in the USA are hospitalized with 36,000 deaths owing to drug overdoses. There has been a 2-fold increase in the last decade. There were 4.2 deaths per 100,000 people in 1999 and 28 per 100,000 people in 2017. These tragic numbers have not been spoken about much at all in the Main Stream Media, other than being commented by Tucker Carlson of Fox-TV for the past couple of years. Other than by Carlson, are these people also considered expendable? In the 1918-19 Spanish flu nearly 1/3 of the world population was infected (It was unfairly called the Spanish flu because Spain was the first country to honestly report the number of cases and deaths. It is thought this flu started in the USA and was carried by United States troops to France during WW1. Then President Woodrow Wilson lied about it because he did not want anything to interfere with the war effort.) An estimated 50 million people in the world died because of it with 675,000 deaths in the USA. Unusually, the most affected was in the 20 to 40 age range. Likely, this was owing to a healthy, but overactive immune system. According to a TV program on National Public Radio (NPR) the general reaction of people when the pandemic was over was to forget it. There was no claimer to plan or prepare for another pandemic. People simply wanted to get past it. In 1957-58 Asian flu (H2N2) nearly 2 million in the world died with 69,800 deaths in the USA. This was the 2nd major pandemic in the 20th century. In 1968-69 Hong Kong flu (H3N2) approx. 20 million people in the world were infected with at least 1 million dead. The USA death toll was approx. 100,000. This flu had a low death rate of 0.5%. The 2003 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) caused 8100 people in the world to get sick with 775 deaths. Most of the cases occurred in China & Hong Kong with 84% of the total deaths. Although there is a great deal of uncertainty in the worldwide number of infections and deaths in the 2009-10 Swine flu pandemic, according to the CDC, there were 15 million infections in the world with 150,000 deaths. In the USA there were 12,469 deaths. The death rate was almost 1% - twice that of the 1968-69 Hong Kong flu. Deaths or serious illnesses were no higher than the yearly flu. In the 2014-15 Ebola flu, according the USA Dept. of Health and Human Services, there were 28,652 cases with 11,325 deaths. Most of the cases were in the West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. This flu was extremely deadly killing 40% of those infected. The current statistics about the coronavirus as this essay is being written are as follows: Cases and death in the world 1,447,412 and 91,783; USA 363,851 and 15,744 Italy 125,000 and 15,500; Spain 146,250 and 14,262; France 83,000 and 6500; UK 34,000 and 3000; China 81,708 and 3,331. Given the lies and disinformation that the Chinese government has committed from the start of this pandemic, their totals could easily be an order of magnitude more. In fact one expert on China has said on TV that the total infected could be ½ million and 30,000 deaths. The totals in the USA and the rest of the world could also be off in the opposite direction by an honest mistake. According to the CDC, on average the number of people who get the yearly flu is approx. 49,000,000 with 36,000 deaths. So far this flu season there have been approx.18,000 deaths. This is well below what the average is at this stage of the yearly flu. It could be that some of the coronavirus deaths are really just deaths caused by the yearly flu. By the models, which have predicted the number of cases of this virus, the number who have recovered, and the number of deaths were way over estimated. The IHME at the University of Washington estimated last month that 245,000 Americans would die from the coronavirus. Their estimate now is 60,000 Americans will die. Their estimate of the number people who would get the virus and the number requiring hospitalization were also too high by a factor of 3 or 4. These too high figures at least partially resulting in panic by various states and cities requesting what turned out to be in some instances too many, ventilators, hospital beds, gowns, and masks. In 2018 the number of American who died because of the yearly flu was 61,000; by drug overdose 67,000; by suicide 50,000; by excessive drinking of alcohol 88,000; by diabetes 83,000; by cancer 606,000. Except for the last two certainly the others could be significantly reduced with more involved care and intervention. Why was and is not more concern and effort being made to reduce these numbers? These efforts pale in comparison with what is being done now in regard to the coronavirus. After all, what is the difference between the people who die by these various means? What was it in the first 2 weeks of the shutdown, 6 million people filing for unemployment? There are now 16.6 million people who have filed for unemployment benefits or approx. 10% of the workforce. There will obviously be millions more who file for unemployment benefits before normal working conditions are realized and the economy gets back on track. Some of the prominent medical specialists do not seem to fully or even partially appreciate these dire consequences. I would suggest that if the economic shut down lasts more than beyond the end of April or at least has not made a good start of resuming in some areas by then the economic impact would be substantial. If this shutdown goes on well into May and even beyond, say into June, July, August, September, etc. then the unemployment and economic damage will be ongoing for many months or even years, depending upon the length of the shutdown. There is another aspect to what is occurring with this huge government spending. We already have a massive almost $24 trillion national debt. What this 2 to 4 trillion additional federal government spending will almost certainly do is ignite inflation to some degree depending how long the economic shutdown lasts. Admittedly some of these monies are for loans or loan guarantees, however most of is for direct payments and even some of the money loaned to small businesses will become grants if these companies do not layoff any of their employees. I predict we will see increased inflation before the end of this year. And how much after that depends upon, as I have said, how long the shutdown lasts. What to make of the data I have quoted so far? I believe the cited data show that compared to previous pandemics, epidemics, and the many people who have died of the other listed causes there is an over reaction to the coronavirus. True, there was a certain predictability to the number of people killed by vehicle wreaks and to a lesser extent by drug overdoses, suicides, and excessive alcohol drinking, yet the other pandemic death were not any more predictable at the time than the current one is now. I will admit that theoretically I do not know more about the final outcome of this pandemic than what has been forecasted already. However, some of the highly inaccurate projections which have been made leave me with the feeling that I could not do worse than what has been said. At this point in the coronavirus pandemic, based upon the data I have analyzed, I propose the following statistics: In the world 2,500,000 cases of infection & 160,000 deaths; in the USA 900,000 cases of infection & 50,000 deaths.

DR. FAUCI & THE WHO

Dr. Fauci, who has been on television incessantly lately, especially at press conferences of President Trump, is deservedly widely respected by both the political left and right in that role of being an expert on the coronavirus. I will now show he had deficiencies in other areas. First, he is not an economist and does not seem to fully appreciate the dire negative economic impact a prolonged shutdown of the American, and indeed the world, economies would have. There is an even greater deficiency he has which I will now state. That is a lack of good moral character in his judgment of one individual in particular. Do you believe I can make that case in a persuasive manner? Read on. When asked about his relationship with the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Dr. Fauci said he is an outstanding person whom he has known for years. Dr. Fauci continued, stating “under his leadership, WHO has done very well.” When pressed about the WHO relationship with China, Dr. Fauci deferred, stating “he has no viewpoint on Tedros’ position on China.” This is a serious character flaw in Dr. Fauci where he let friendship override the reality of the grievously bad characteristics of Tedros. What are they? When he was an official in the Ethiopian government, Tedros was a member of the Tigray People Liberation Front; which was affiliated with a Marxist party. While he was Minister of Health he covered up three major epidemics of cholera in Ethiopia, calling them “acute watery diarrhea.” Upon reaching the position of Director-General of WHO, with the support of China, Tedros made the following statements: On 1/30/2020 he said “The Chinese government is to be congratulated for the extraordinary measures it has taken to contain the outbreak and shared it with the world.” “China is setting a standard for outbreak response and that is not an exaggeration.” On 2/03/2020 Tedros said, “during my visit to Beijing last week I was so impressed with President Xi Jinping of his detailed knowledge of the outbreak and for his personal leadership. And if it weren’t for China’s efforts the number of cases outside China would have been very much higher. There is no reason for major interference with international travel and trade.” Just 6 weeks later he said, ”Of course we have good news today, yesterday Wuhan reported no new cases for the first time since the outbreak started. Wuhan provides hope for the rest of the world that even the most serious situation can be turned around.” Some of the American media repeated these lies. Bloomberg headlined on 3/18/202: “China’s Virus C Reach Zero.” On 3/24/2020 the Chinese mouthpiece, The GLOBAL TIMES tweeted: “US cities such as New York are now the riskiest places in the world.” MSNBC reported “As the coronavirus pandemic continued to wreak havoc around the world the US has overtaken every other country to become the first country to report over 100,000 confirmed cases to overtake China and Italy in the most perverse possible version of Trump’s of America First.” Nobody questioned the Chinese government figures of the coronavirus. Roughly 5 million people fled the city of Wuhan in January. The Chinese government allowed them to travel all over the world where they turned an outbreak into a pandemic and yet somehow almost none of these people traveled to the biggest cities in China and spread the disease there. That is their position. The controlled Chinese press claimed that only one infected person went to the capital city of Beijing and he came from the United States. Overall the report claimed only 416 people in Beijing had been infected domestically of those 394 had already been released from medical care. In other words, in a city of 22 million people there were only 22 hospital patients in the city of Beijing who contacted the virus. So literally there were only one in a million people who did. Is that believable? The very next day China closed every movie theater in the country. Two days ago the government closed down the two most popular tourist attractions, the Shanghai Tower and the Oriental Pearl Tower for an indefinite period. That is not the behavior of a government which believes it has tamed the outbreak. It is an expression of fear. As Tucker Carlson said, the rest of us should be afraid too. China is the largest country in the world in population. When China destroys critical data sets like how many people are infected or how many are dying that directly affects how every other country in the world responds to the disease. We may have wasted months assuming things about the coronavirus that were not true. There is a cost to that. But more broadly we should be worried what comes after this. In a TV interview a few of days ago Assistant Director of WHO, Canadian, Bruce Aylward, refused to address the question of the state of health of Taiwan concerning the coronavirus even when he was asked directly. At first he pretended not to hear the question. Then in a follow up he said we have already discussed China. That was all because the Chinese government does not recognize Taiwan as a separate country from China. That is disgraceful and dishonest conduct by Aylward. In 2017 as the head of WHO, Tedros appointed Robert Mugabe as a Goodwill Ambassador of WHO saying that under Mugabe, Zimbabwe had improved the health condition of its people. Because of international outrage this was rescinded a day later. Still, what kind of judgment by Tedros was that? How bad was the brutal dictator of Zimbabwe who was deposed in late 2017? Mugabe was prime minister then president of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2017. During his reign of power he led the expropriation of the farming lands of the white farmers, over the years by giving these farms and land to black Zimbabweans, in almost all cases without compensation. And it got worst than that, much worst. Many of these white farmers that showed the least resistance, and even some who did not, were badly beaten up or killed. Within a short time 17,000 (10%) of the white farmers fled to South Africa. By now there are only a few whites still living in Zimbabwe. What would you expect happened to the economy of Zimbabwe, which was a largely agricultural country when its skilled farmers were gone? It is hardly necessary to say, but here are some statistics. In the year 2000, 2 million tons of maize was grown, by 2008 this was down to 450,000 tons; in 2008 there was 80% unemployment; in 2008 only 20% of children were in school; in 2007 WHO declared life expectancy was 34 years for women and 36 years for men, in 1997 it was 63 and 54, respectively. Before Mugabe came to power while there were still white farmers, in what was then known as Rhodesia, wheat and maize were exported, now they have to import grains, at least as much as they can afford. It was not wrong for Zimbabwe to integrate more black Zimbabweans into the farming community. What was wrong was the brutal and unfair way it was done to the detriment of both the white and black Zimbabweans. The TV program 60 Minutes Australia, discussed the position on China in the coronavirus: “China was lying from the start and we now know it was spreading from human to human. A Wuhan doctor disappeared after warning the world of the coronavirus. She has not been seen since.” They called out the false propaganda of some of the news media and other people on the left claiming that calling it the China coronavirus is racist. Why is the USA news media, except for Fox-TV, not reporting what 60 Minutes Australia said? Some Chinese scientists said it is likely that the coronavirus originated from the Intermediate Horseshoe bat. There are no known colonies of these bats within 900 kilometers of Wuhan and no evidence they were sold in the “Wet” markets of Wuhan. Fifty-nine out of 60 people who frequent these markets and were interviewed said they never saw any of these bats being sold there. There are two experimental biological government laboratories in the vicinity of Wuhan that performed experiments on Horseshoe bats. One is within a few hundred yards of these markets and the other approximately seven miles away. A report is that one scientist had been exposed to Horseshoe bat blood and urine. National Institute Director, Francis Sellers Collins called these reports, “Outrageous.” Other people have said that to claim the Chinese government was experimenting with biological weapons was false and ridiculous. Notice that the Chinese scientists did not say the government was doing this intentionally. As Tucker Carlson said, when some commentators answer questions which you did not ask they cannot be trusted to be honest and objective.

A REVIEW ESSAY

This essay will be a review of a couple of essential points of two essays I had included in my book. I want to retell them here as not only have these previously slipped my mind, but also for the readers who either have not read my book or have had these slipped their minds the same as my mine. First I would like to comment on something that happened this week. As Mark Levin had unflatteringly called him, “Chucky Mucky Schumer” made a direct threat to two members of another branch of government, the United States Supreme Court, if they even dared to vote to couple abortion doctors with having to have privileges at hospitals within 30 miles of their practices. Schumer, paraphrasing the Jewish book of Hosea 8:7 (you did not expect Schumer to quote the New Testament, did you?) said, “I want to tell you, Gorsuch. I want to tell you, Kavanaugh. You have released the whirlwind and you will pay the price. You wont know what hit you if you go forward with these awful decisions” Schumer told a cheering audience (what kind of demented people were these?) on the steps of the Supreme Court. The moderate Chief Justice, John Roberts, properly rebuked Schumer for threatening members of the Supreme Court by saying: “Statements of this sort from the highest levels of government are not only inappropriate, they are dangerous. All members of the Court will continue to do their job, without fear or favor, from whatever quarter.” In putting out a statement afterwards, a lackey of Schumer lied by stating that Roberts misinterpreted Schumer’s statement, saying Schumer was referring to the Republicans in Congress. That statement was ridiculous on its face. He claimed that Roberts was not being a fair referee, by not calling out President Trump when Trump criticized Supreme Court Justices Ginsberg and Sotomayor. Trump should not have criticized them, but he did not threaten them, he merely said they should recuse themselves from what he thought were conflicts in what they had previous said about a certain case before the Supreme Court. Roberts did criticizing Trump when Trump accused a federal judge of being a Democrat, saying that the Justices are not Democrats or Republicans, but rule according to what’s in the Constitution and law. The ABC network did briefly cover the story and condemned Schumer, but unlike Fox TV which had a panel discussion of it by two conservatives and one Democrat, they referred to an inappropriate (but not threatening) comment by Trump about a federal judge, which was correct, however it was simply a political distraction. ABC did not mention that Roberts had previously condemned Trump for his comment about the federal judge. Now to the other issues. In the essay from my book, The Perils of Denial, I reviewed the story of consultant, Jonathan Gruber, professor at MIT who was a major contributor to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), aka Obama Care. Dr. Gruber was paid $390,000 by the federal government and approx. $1.7 million by various state governments for his consulting work on this law and was paid approximately $6,000,000 over the years by federal and state governments for other consulting work. Gruber made a recorded 19 trips to the White House during the writing of the ACA and met with President Obama on more than one occasion and in one case was one of only 6 people who had a conference in the White House with President Obama. What did Democrats say about him? In 2006 then Senator Obama said he stole ideas from the likes of Austin Goolsby, an unreformed Keynesian economist, and from JOHNATHAN GRUBER. Nancy Pelosi said in a 2009 speech in the House of Representatives that Dr. Gruber, a professor at MIT, was a major contributor to the ACA and Harry Reid said in the Senate that Dr. Gruber was one of the most highly respected economists in the world and contributed mightily to the ACA. In series of infamous videos a naïve, one could say incredibly clueless manner Gruber admitted lies and deception were necessary to get the law passed and repeatedly characterized the American public as being stupid. Because the evidence is so clear-cut in these videos what he said cannot be disputed so this made Dr. Gruber toxic – a pariah to the supporters of the ACA. After this came to light what did the Democrat politicians say? What do you think? Disingenuously President Obama said that Gruber was not a member of the White House staff and so implied that he had little to do with formulating the law and nothing to do with selling it to the public. The House minority leader, Nancy Pelosi said “Gruber, who is he?” “The Democrats in the House wrote the law and he had nothing to do with that.” The Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid said, “Gruber was a minor figure in contributing to the law.” The White House spokesman, Josh Earnest, trivialized the roll Gruber played in formulating the ACA and said he did not contribute in any way to its implantation. What about the Main Stream Media (MSM) of the New York Times, The Washington Post, ABC, CBS, CNN, and NBC? The short answer there was no response except for a short comment by CNN for 4 days after Fox TV ran the story every day. Finally after days of coverage by Fox, talk radio, and the internet, the New York Times, Washington Post, and the TV networks felt compelled to cover the story or lose credibility as news organizations. To quote Hamlet, “Oh shame where is thy blush?” Some of the Democrats who were previously running in the Democrat primary for the presidency and especially current candidate Bernie Sanders keep repeatedly saying that the wealthy in the highest income brackets should pay their fair share of the income taxes. One could make a reasonable argument that the income gap between upper income people and the middle and lower income people should be less. However when one examines who already pays the bulk of income taxes and the movement of people over time from the upper, middle, and lower income brackets, then a different and more true perspective become apparent. This was clearly explained by one of the most respected and knowledge economist, Thomas Sowell. As I have recounted in the essay in my book, Income Distribution in the USA, this is what Dr. Sowell had to say about that: It is indeed true that both the amount of income and proportion of all income received by those in the top 20% bracket have risen over the years, widening the gap between the top and bottom quintiles (from Latin, quintilis – meaning statistically divided into fifths.), however U.S. Treasury Dept. data show that the income of taxpayers who were in the bottom 20% in income in 1996 rose by 91% by 2005. The income of those in the top 5% and top 1% actually declined in that period. Those taxpayers who were initially in the lowest income bracket had their incomes nearly double in a decade that moved them up and out of the bottom quintile. While those in the top 1% had their incomes cut by about ¼ and that may well have dropped many, if not most, of them out of the top 1%. Despite the rise in income of the top 0.1% of taxpayers as a statistical category, both absolutely and relatively to the incomes in other categories, as flesh and blood human beings, those individuals who were in that category initially had their incomes actually fall by a whopping 50% between 1996 and 2005. It is hardly surprising when people whose income is cut in half drop out of the top 0.1%. What happen to the income of the category over time is not the same as what happens to the people who were in that category at any given time. But many of the intellectual elites are ready to seize upon any numbers that seem to fit their vision of an unjust society. It is much the same story with data on the top 400 income earners in the country. As with other sets of data, data on those who were among the top 400 income earners from 1992 to 2000 were not data on the same 400 people throughout the span of time covered. During that time span there were thousands of people in the top 400; which is to say that turnover was high. Fewer than ¼ of all the people in that category during that span of years were in that category more than one year, and fewer than 13% were in that category more than two years. There is an important point, likely deliberately overlooked and certainly unstated by liberals, concerning those income levels. Most people begin their careers at the bottom, earning entry-level salaries. Over time, as they acquire more skills and experience, their rising productivity leads to rising pay, putting them in successively higher income brackets. These are not rare cases, but common patterns among millions of people in the United States and some other countries. More than ¾ of those working Americans whose incomes were in the bottom 20% in 1975 were in the top 40% of income earners at some point by 1991. Only 5% of those who were initially in the bottom quintile were still there in 1991, while 29% of those who were initially in the bottom quintile had risen to the top quintile. Yet, the clueless or duplicitous left has transformed a transient cohort in a given statistical category into an enduring class called “the poor.” Just over half of all Americans earning at or near the minimum wage are from 16 to 24 years of age. And of course these individuals cannot remain from 16 to 24 years of age indefinitely, though this age category can continue indefinitely, providing many liberals with date to fit their preconceptions. In this debate, liberals focus 0n the income brackets instead of actual people moving between these brackets in an attempt to create a “problem” that desperately needs a “solution.” They envision “classes” with “disparities” and “inequities” in income caused by “barriers” created by “society”. The routine rise of millions of people out of the lowest quintile over time makes a mockery of the “barriers” assumed by the liberal elite. A related, but somewhat different, confusion between statistical categories and human beings has led to many claims in the news media and in academia that American incomes have stagnated or grown only slowly over the years. For example, over the entire period from 1967 to 2005, median real household income; that is adjusted for inflation, rose by 31%. For selected periods within that long time span, real household incomes rose even less, and those selected periods have often been cited by liberals to claim that income and living standards have stagnated. Meanwhile, real per capita income rose by 122% over the same time span, from 1967 to 2005. When a more than doubling of real income per person is called “stagnation”, that is one of the many feats of liberal verbal virtuosity. The reason for the large discrepancy between growth rate trends in household income and individual income is straightforward: The number of persons per households was increasing faster than the number of people and concluded: “The main reason for the more rapid rate of household formation is the increased tendency, particularly among unrelated individuals, to maintain their own homes or apartments rather than live with relatives or move into existing households as roomers, lodgers, and so forth.” Increasing individual incomes made this possible. As late as 1970, 20% of American households contained 5 or more people, but by 2007, only 10% did. As evidence that this difference of opinion on income distribution in the USA between conservatives and liberals is ongoing I refer to an article in the September 13, 2012 Dallas Morning News strictly focusing on income brackets over individual incomes (The article was written by a reporter from the New York Times – who could have guessed that?). The article headline was: RICH GOT RICHER. POOR STAYED THE SAME IN 2011. The article went on to say in a sub-headline: “Wider income gap reveals unevenness of recovery, expert says.” It further states: “The income gap between the wealthiest 20% [top quintile] of U.S. households and the rest of the country grew sharply in 2011, the Census Bureau reported, as overwhelming majority of Americans saw no gains from a weak economic recovery in its second year.” “Income from the top fifth of U.S. households rose 1.6% in 2011, driven by even larger increases for the top 5% of households, sais David Johnson, the Census Bureau official who presented the findings. All households in the middle of the scale saw declines, while most at the very bottom stagnated.” And on and on it went in the same vein. The article considered only households, not individuals in the households, nor is there any mention of individuals within the income brackets moving up or down to different brackets. This is all so predictable by the left, yet I am sure there are myriad people who will read it (at least the ones who can read) and not give a moment’s thought to the other view of income distribution as put forth in this essay – with much credit to Dr. Thomas Sowell.

A COLLECTION OF CLICHES

Tip of the iceberg; Not out of the woods; In our corner of the woods; At this point in time; At the end of the day; Very unique; When all is said and done; Turn over a rock and find…; Waiting for the next shoe to drop; It’s water under the bridge; In the aftermath (wrong meaning); Sour grapes (wrong meaning); Leave no stone unturned; Black mark against him; I’m sick and tired; Swept under the rug; Roll up your sleeves: Skating on thin ice; Piece of cake; A walk in the park; It’s a long road; The bucket list; The reality is; Boots on the ground; One step at a time; The ball is in your court; Keep a close eye on it; Too much time on your hands; That’s a red flag; Gilding the lily (Shakespeare misquote); You know; Pause and take a deep breath; In the dead of the night; Turn over a new leaf; Over the hill; Hide his light under a basket; Let’s be honest; A silver lining; At the drop of a hat; Shine a light on them; A fly on the wall; Kudos (never one kudo); Turn over in his grave; Clear the decks; We won’t stand for it; Keep us on our toes; Good Samaritan (a bible misquote); To make ends meet; Let’s get the show on the road; An elephant in the room; Don’t cry over spilt milk; Chip on his shoulder; The shifting sands; Paint yourself into a corner; Bury the hatchet; Have your cake and eat it too; Going out on a limb; Move forward with a clean slate; Don’t sugar coat it; Hit the ground running; Come down on you like a ton of bricks; Clean up the mess; Reading between the lines; It is what it is; What goes around comes around; Taking your eye off the ball; Getting into a food fight; Get on board; In a New York minute; More to the story than meets the eye; Get to the bottom of it; Their lips are sealed; Take off the gloves; It changes over night; He cried wolf; At the end of the road; And so….(or alternately So….); Don’t bet the farm; Keep a lid on it; A ton of people; Fought tooth and nail; When you are in a hole you should stop digging; The fact of the matter; Shed light on it; There is a smoking gun; Walk away into the sunset; The big wildcard; Bent over backwards; Blew up in his (her) face; A chip off the old block; Written in stone; Gain the upper hand; Fire in the belly; Sticks out like a sore thumb; My way or the highway; It got under his skin; Mad as a wet hen; Taken with a grain of salt; Open up a can of worms; It’s on the radio screen; It rises to the occasion; Take the bull by the horns; Putting your finger on it; You can hang your hat on it. Do you know what this is? Of course you do! It is a collection of clichés. There are one hundred of them and I am sure you could come up with some more. These are utterances I have heard on TV. Some were even made by trained journalists who should know better. Many people who use these tired old expressions would be rendered mute or at least greatly reduced in verbosity if they were prohibited from using them. And for that we would benefit. An important question is what prompts people to use these clichés? I can only speculate that: (1.) They are not fully conscious of what they are saying. (2.) They lack awareness and imagination in expressing themselves. (3.) They are at a loss in finding other words to avoid using these worn out expressions. It is not that these expressions should never be used; it is similar to the greatly overuse of the adverb “very” in modifying various adjectives in making “very – etc.” practically a compound word. I have stated in the past that by emphasizing everything, then logically nothing gets emphasized. It simply should not be overdone. One never heard the likes of Bergen Evans, William F. Buckley, William Safire, and Charles Krauthammer use these clichés. Unfortunately they are all dead, therefore, except for Paula LaRocque, whose status is uncertain, I feel isolated and alone in guarding the gates of poorly spoken American English. Don’t despair for me, but at least understand that I am here to point out what should be, but apparently is not, obvious to most everyone. Arnell Engstrom

THE CASE FOR AND AGAINST TRUMP

THE CASE FOR AND AGAINST TRUMP The title of this essay is THE CASE FOR AND AGAINST TRUMP. With two words added this is the same title of a book about Donald Trump by Victor Davis Hanson. Not to worry; book titles generally cannot be copyrighted and this is no exception. Still, I would like to borrow from that book where Hanson quotes someone saying that they approve of almost everything Trump does and disapprove of almost everything Trump says. It is an oversimplification, but generally tracts with what this thesis is about and parallels my own belief. President Donald Trump and even before he became president has made numerous statements, both orally and in social media, which could rationally be described as mean spirited, ill advised, politically inept, unwise, yes, and even stupid. Why did he and does he still do this? It is his life long habit and at his age of 73 he is not only unlikely to change you can bet against long odds that he will not change. Mostly it just his own personality developed over the years and because he is that type of brash New Yorker. What has he said that is so objectionable? Where to start? I will give you what I consider some of his most egregious examples: (1.) In 2011 Trump questioned whether Barack Obama was born in the United States. In 2015 he still had not admitted that Obama was a natural born citizen. A bit later he finally admitted that Obama was born in Hawaii. What took him so long to say that when the evidence was so overwhelming? (2.) In 2015 Trump said about John McCain “He’s not a war hero. He was a war hero because he was captured. I like people who were not captured.” For all his peccadillos, John McCain was a war hero. He spent 5 ½ years as a prisoner of war by the Vietnamese. When they found out McCain was the son of the USA commander in that area they offer to release him. When McCain found out his other USA military captured comrades would not be released he refused their offer. What more of a hero do you want? Even after McCain died Trump gratuitously said he was last in his class at West Point. In fact McCain was fifth from the bottom of his class. (3.) In 2016 Trump said “When Mexico sends its people they’re not sending their best. They’re not sending you. They’re sending people that have lots of problems and they’re bringing those problems with us. They’re bringing drugs. They bring crime. They’re rapists, and some, I assume, are good people.” How unartful and even insulting that was expressed. He should have said that those Mexicans (and Central Americans) are mostly good people who want a better life, but are entering this country illegally. There are also some who are bringing in drugs and crime. (4.) In 2016 when a federal judge made a ruling that Trump did not like he claimed that the judge, Gonzalo Curiel, was biased because he’s a Mexican. (5.) In 2016 the father of an army captain killed in Iraq criticized President Trump by accusing him of not knowing the constitution and said that he would gladly lend him his copy. Trump responded in kind instead of taking the high road and just ignoring it. (6.) In 2017 during a Unite The Right rally at Charlottesville, VA 20-year-old neo-Nazi, James Alex Fields drove his car into a group of peaceably protesting people, killing one and injuring 28. President Trump characterized it as the alt-left and alt-right being equally to blame. This was unfortunate in that in this instance it wasn’t true and it gave Trump’s enemies ammunition to be used against him which they still do to this day. I could go on with more examples, but I believe these make the point. Then there are, perhaps politically incorrect, statements Trump has made which his biased enemies have unfairly used against him. Trump said “Sadly, the overwhelming amount of violent crime in our major cities is committed by blacks and Hispanics – a tough subject, must be discussed.” He could have further commented that most of this violent crime is committed against other blacks and Hispanics. Unlike what the lying Beto O’Rourke said, Trump did not call all immigrants “animals.” He was referring to the vicious and murderous MS-13 gang members. Now I will turn to the positives of President Trump. But first let me address the question whether Trump is a serial liar as his opponents in Congress, those running for the Democratic presidential nomination, and the Main Stream Media (MSM) repeatedly and insistently allege. For further reference in this essay, by the MSM I am referring to the completely left wing CNN and MSNBC and to a lesser degree ABC, CBS, NBC, The New York Times, and Washington Post. The conservative Media Research Center, headed by Brent Bozell, tabulated that over 90% of their coverage of Present Trump by CNN and MSNBC is negative. If this were seriously off the mark the left would excoriate and discredit the Media Research Center. They have not. Also just listen to them as I do and that conclusion is inescapable. The irony is there are legitimate reasons to criticize President Trump, some of which I outlined above, but when every thing he says and does is unfairly and dishonestly criticized, then all credibility is lost. That Trump frequently and wildly exaggerates, and yes, even lies on occasion cannot be denied by honest observers. However, to what extent does he lie? Not nearly as much as his virulent opponents claim. What persons, and that includes presidents, do not lie and deceive on occasion? President Obama lied when he said if you like your health care plan you can keep it and if you like your doctor you can keep him. During the flap where some in the IRS, primarily Lois Learner, was either denying or holding up tax free status for conservative groups Obama said there was not a scintilla of corruption in the IRS. He had to know better. Even someone as deservedly labeled as Honest Abe could deceive when it suited him. During a series of seven debates with Stephen Douglas for a seat in the USA Senate in 1858, Douglas noticed that what Lincoln said in the northern part of the state was markedly different than in the southern part, especially on the subject of slavery. During one of their last debates Douglas pointed this out to the audience. When it was Lincoln’s turn to speak he told the audience that his opponent said that he was two-faced and the clearly homely Lincoln asked them if he were two-faced would he keep the one he has? Even though it was true it was impossible keep a serious point when the people there were convulsed with laughter. Few people got the better of Lincoln in debates. Even honest speaking Harry Truman (the 2nd best president of the USA in the 20th century next to Ronald Reagan in my opinion) could lie when it suited him. In 1948 when Truman was on a train during his “Whistle Stop” campaign for the presidential election a reporter told him that what he said in a previous stop was markedly different that what he had just said. Truman responded that he did not say that. The reporter responded that he had written it down in his notes. Truman still maintained that he did not say it. What was the reporter to do – it was his word against the president of the United States? That was completely different than the example of G.H.W. Bush when he agreed to raise taxes after he was elected president and when he famously said, ”Read my lips, no new taxes” while he was campaigning. When a reporter on TV brought this up Bush denied he had said that. The next thing the viewer saw and heard was Bush saying exactly that. Too bad the reporter interrogating Truman did not have a recording devise. Before I get into the positives of President Trump I want to digress a bit and discuss evaluating the totality of presidents – that is to say both their negatives and positives. Consider two former Democrat presidents: Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton. Carter was the more moral of the two. Yes, Carter could be self-righteous and pompous at times, but in personal decency and moral rectitude he was clearly superior to Clinton. Who had the more successful presidency? Again, the answer is clear- it was Bill Clinton. Carter had what I consider two major accomplishments in (1.) giving sovereignty of the Panama Canal to Panama (Reagan was against it). The treaty allowed the USA to keep the canal open, even using force if necessary. That was one less irritant for Latin American countries to have against the USA. (2.) Brokering a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, which is in effect to this day. The negotiations, which were held at Camp David, were headed by Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Israel. At some point Sadat and Begin stopped talking to each other and threatened to leave. Carter then personally carried messages from one to other and got them talking again. Begin and Sadat received Nobel Peace Prizes, but not Carter. He should have similar to Theodore Roosevelt receiving the Nobel Peace prize in 1906 for his part in ending the Russo-Japanese War. There was little else positive that Carter accomplished in his one term presidency. The country was in an economic downturn and dispirited social condition – a malaise, although Carter did not explicitly use that term. Carter’s weakness in dealing with the American embassy take over and hostage situation by Iran was plain for all to see. There was a reason that in his reelection bid Carter won only 6 states to 44 for Ronald Reagan. In the first by-election of President Clinton in 1994 the Republicans gained control of the House of Representatives for the first time in 40 years by picking up 54 seats and also won control of the Senate. In the first by-election of President Obama the Democrats lost 63 seats in the House of Representatives with the Republicans gaining control. This loss was the most by either party since 1938 in a by-election and the most in any election since 1948. The Republicans gained 7 seats in the senate, but not a majority. Obama said that the Democrats had taken a ”shellacking”, but doubled down on his left wing agenda. To the contrary, Clinton recalled his political advisor he had in Arkansas while he was governor, Dick Morris (he did not go to Washington D.C. with Bill Clinton originally because Hillary did not like him). Together Dick Morris and Bill Clinton formulated a strategy they called “triangulation” to enlist the moderate Democrats and Republicans in congress to get legislation passed. One of the major items was welfare reform which resulted in approximately two million fewer women on welfare and getting good jobs after five years. A high official in the Dept. of Health and Human Services resigned, saying this reform would put an additional one million women into poverty. This shows how wrong ideologues can be. The Clinton administration cut other domestic programs as well as the military budget. Some conservatives did not like that – not me. The military needed to be cut (see my essay: The USA Military). In the last three years of the Clinton presidency and the 1st of the G.W. Bush administration the federal government ran surpluses. During the eight year Clinton presidency the federal deficit was increased less than any of the last six presidencies (much less that G.W. Bush and Barack Obama and so far also less than in the Trump administration). The Trump administration put through a federal income tax cut that Democrats falsely claimed benefited only the rich. With almost the same declared income and the same quarterly income tax payments as the previous year I received several thousand dollars more in a refund from the IRS. I am not in the high income tax bracket the Democrats call the rich. From the start of his presidency, and even before, Trump has been saying this country faces an illegal immigration crisis. Initially Democrats and the MSM downplayed and ridiculed that notion. Then President Obama even joined the chorus in the last days of his presidency. Trump made controlling illegal immigration one of the centerpieces of his presidency. He is doing the best he can about this, but has been and is being thwarted at every turn by the Democrats in congress and the like-minded MSM. The left wing apologists for illegal immigration insist on referring to those people as “undocumented immigrants.” “Undocumented” is a euphemism intended to imply that their situation is only a paperwork mix up without any real illegality involved. Never under estimate the degree the left will distort and evade the truth in order to advance their agenda. Now even the progressives on the left admit that a crisis exists on our southern border with people illegally entering or attempting to enter the USA. So they now call for “immigration reform.” Of course, they never define what that means and absolutely do not cooperate in any meaningful attempt to correct this major problem. Trump is the first president, Democrat or Republican, to publically express the view and attempt to get our internationally friendly countries to fund their share of expenses for NATO and the United Nations. For this the Democrats (and as always the MSM) claim Trump is making enemies of our friends. If that is what it takes, then good luck with that. Again, Trump is the first president to examine the equity of the trade agreements the USA has entered into in the past few decades. The trade imbalance favoring our partners is plain for all to see and Trump has been trying to correct it. What rationally minded and pro USA person could be against that? The answer is none so where does that leave the progressive Democrats? They criticize Trump for everything he does, including this so take your pick: Are they irrational, anti-USA or both? Those extreme critics both at home and abroad, should consider the USA treatment of our defeated enemy, Japan after WWII. In contrast to the way Germany was treated by France, Italy, and Great Britain after WWI, the USA acted magnanimously toward Japan after WWII. Not only did the USA allow Japan to keep their Emperor, but we also greatly assisted them in their post war economic and social recovery. From the start and continuing to this day we have allowed Japan to export more good and services to us than we import from them. While this could be justified initially the time has long since past when we should continue to allow it. And that brings us to China. What USA president has seriously addressed the long trade imbalance and theft of intellectual property by China from us before Trump? It is not only time, it is long past time this was addressed and Trump is doing it. Some Democrats have agreed this is a problem which needs to be corrected, but the progressives continue to excoriate Trump for confronting China and imposing tariffs on Chinese goods. The Chinese government has shown it will not change unless we take a hard line with them. Some Democrats in congress (e.g. Nancy Pelosi, Adam Schiff, Jerry Nadler, Eric Swalwell, Majie Hirono, and Ted Lieu among others); those campaigning for the Democrat presidential position (e.g. Bernie Sanders, Robert Francis (Beto) O’Rourke, Cory Booker, Julian Castro, Pete Buttigieg, Kamala Harris, Elizabeth Warren, Joe Biden, Kirsten Gillibrand, and Amy Klobachar); and many guest commentators especially on MSNBC and CNN have called President Trump a racist, a bigot, a White Supremacist and even worse. On the 5th anniversary on August 9, 2019 of the Ferguson, MO shooting of Michael Brown by police officer Darren Wilson both Kamala Harris and Elizabeth Warren called it murder on television. The President Obama Justice Dept. did not indict officer Wilson, ruling the shooting was justified. How disgusting and dishonest it is for Harris and Warren to lie and stir up racial hatred. Trump may exhibit an obnoxious personality on occasion, too many occasions, but he is none of the above labels those dishonest and themselves obnoxious people have said. What they have called Trump is a calumny and should be legally actionable. Author Philip Wylie wrote a 1943 book titled Generation of Vipers. The real generation of vipers, some more venomous than others, are the people and so-called news organizations mentioned above. The country has changed in many ways in the past few decades. There have been negative changes, however there are many important positives changes also. For example the first US Supreme Court Jew on the court was Louis Brandeis, nominated in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson. Before the death of Antonin Scalia in 2016, all nine of the Supreme Court justices were either Catholics or Jews. When John F. Kennedy ran for the presidency in 1960 he felt it necessary to publically declare that he was independent of the Pope and his decisions for the country would not be influenced by the Vatican. When Ronald Reagan ran for the presidency in 1980 it was problematic for some people that he had been divorced once. Anyone who watches television must surely have noticed how many more black Americans there are in TV series, as commentators and guests on various programs, and in advertisements than in the past, even a decade ago. I have no problem with that despite what now appears to be a greater number than the black population as a whole. The number of blacks Americans is about 13% of the total population. In the census of 1860, just prior to the Civil War, the black population was close to 13%. No, what I have a problem with is the bogus claim by some liberals that blacks are still being discriminated against. Those progressives who say that the USA is not only racist, but xenophobic would have a difficult time explaining why Robert Francis O’Rourke uses the Hispanic nickname “Beto” to enhance his political career and Barack Obama stopped using the name he went by as a student “Barry” (his father Barack Obama, sr., was also called “Barry” while he was at Harvard University) and went back to “Barack” when he entered politics. And for that matter how do they explain a black American being elected and reelected president of the USA in 2008 and 2012? The progressive Democrats, including the “squad” headed by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, have said that this country has always been and is still racist. The late professor of English and author, Bergen Evans, wrote in his book The Natural History of Nonsense that in the 1930’s he picked up a hitchhiker who was friendly and above all talkative. Evans relates that he was at first amused then awestruck at the immensity of his ignorance. It was not that he was wrong about so much as that he was so colorfully wrong, so militantly wrong, so basely wrong, so confidently wrong. He seemed to Evans to be Rumor personified, the blind mouth of Demos babbling in darkness. This description fits AOC perfectly. In the short time she has been in congress she has added arrogance to ignorance – a woeful and egregious combination. AOC should have taken the advice of Mark Train: “It is better to keep your mouth shut and appear stupid than to open it and remove all doubt.” I personally saw what real racism in the South was in the mid 1950’s (see my essay Mid 1950’S Adventures in the Crawfish State). The people who insist this is currently a racist country are either delusional or are liars. It was Eric Hoffer (see my essay Eric Hoffer) who wrote in the 1960’s that it is not when people are the most repressed and denied their rights that they complain and make the most trouble, it is when they are well underway to equitable treatment that they do so. At a campaign rally for the 1948 presidency a supporter of Harry Truman shouted out “Give them hell Harry!” Truman responded “I don’t give them hell, I tell the truth on them and it seems like hell.” This is my response to the partisan people on both the political left and right who think I have not been accurate and fair in this essay.

GROWING UP IN MICHIGAN

This essay written for my family will largely, but not exclusively, be about my growing up in Michigan. It will not necessarily always be in chronological order as I grew up. What I describe will reflect positively and, in some instances, negatively on me as I attempt to tell my story as accurately as possible. The house I grew up in was a “Stone House” – that is to say the exterior was covered with smooth stones held in place with concrete mortar. The original Engstrom house that was made with a wooden frame burned down. This house was then built at that location in the 1920s. I am not sure the exterior of the new house was made of stones and mortar because the wooden frame house burned down, but it would be logical to come to that conclusion. Our house was heated with a furnace that burned coal. The coal was bought and delivered by truck. It was then offloaded into a storage area in the basement through a ground level window. We had a windmill powering a water-well that supplied our house and barn with water. Electricity was supplied in the usual way from an electric power company. In the late fall “storm windows” composed of glass in frames were put over the permanent windows from the outside and secured in place by fasteners. These added windows fit in the window frames to form a seal as tight as possible to create an air pocket (like double pane glass windows do now) for insulating the house in winter. We grew most of the vegetables we ate in a rather large garden in back of our house. As I remember it, included were “house corn,” not “field corn,” potatoes, tomatoes, green beans, lettuce, celery, radishes, cucumbers, and even watermelons, although not as successfully grown as the other vegetables. While it was necessary to cultivate, plant the seeds (ordered from the Burpee Seeds catalogue), and fertilize this garden we did not have to water it as there was a plentiful amount of rain in the spring, summer and fall. We did have to weed the garden as not only the vegetables, but the weeds grew very quickly in the long Michigan summer and fall growing seasons. Even some of the meat we ate came from our farm as I remember my father slaughtering steers and hanging the carcasses in the upstairs of the barn during cold weather. We kept chickens and harvested their eggs in a hen house with a large fenced in area for them to roam around. We also ate some of the chickens raised on our farm. Living on a farm at that time was not an easy or gentle life. We kept a dozen or so cows for milking which was the main money making enterprise of the farm. The milk was kept in large milk cans, which were stored in a water trough in the barn until the company we sold them to could pick them up. Also a couple of non-farming neighbors bought milk from us. We had a machine which separated cream from the milk so we had cream for our use. I never learned to milk cows efficiently because my father bought a milking machine before I was quite big and strong enough to accomplish milking efficiently. Erland did learn proper milking as he started regular milking before I did. No matter how strong your other muscles are it is the forearm muscles that need to be developed to milk a cow. While I had other muscles that were plenty strong and developed such as my biceps, shoulders, back, and legs, my forearms were not as well developed as my father’s and Erland’s. However strange it might appear for that time, in the late 1940s and early 1950s, our cows were artificially inseminated by a specialist with sperm from hybrid bulls. 1. My father was considered a “big fish in a little pond” in that he was not only a farmer, but also a member of the LeRoy school board, the town council, and the county agent for the Federal Department of Agriculture. His personality was such that everyone liked and respected him. There was an incident at a village council meeting where a woman in the town thought that it was time that the watering trough in the center of the town square should be removed. My father said no because there were still some farmers who had not yet converted to using a tractor and came into town with their wagons pulled by a team of horses who needed a place where the horses could be watered. He told her that LeRoy was still an agricultural town and he, himself, might have some horse manure on his shoes at that moment. My mother thought that was out of character for my father to be so blunt with her and it was. The watering trough stayed. In addition to attending meetings with other county agents in Reed City one of my father’s jobs was to see that the farmers in the county received government subsidized bags of fertilizer for their crops shipped by railroad. One day in a nearby town, a shipment of fertilizer came in by rail and he had me go with him to help unload it to the farmers, as they would come by. My father had to attend to something else so he left me in charge to see that each farmer got his allotted bags of fertilizer and help load them onto their wagons or trucks. I was 15 years old at the time and the bags each weighed 50 lbs. I worked all day and you could imagine that I was tired by the time my father came to get me. When he saw what an efficient job I had done he said he was well pleased with my effort. I was happy that he had complimented me and knowing that it was deserved made it all the more satisfying. The next subject I want to address is what, if anything, stimulated my interest in the American language. My best guess is that it may have been the result of my English teacher in the 7th & 8th grades. She was a spinster, named Garnet Nelson, who diagrammed on a blackboard sentences by nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, phrases, clauses, etc. I was intrigued by this approach because it reminded me of the way mathematics and physics problems are analyzed that I was familiar with. I enjoyed math and physics problems (not so much chemical problems) and was an A student in math and physics in high school and a B student in college, which was not bad in an engineering school like the then Michigan College of Mining and Technology. In my senior year at Michigan Tech I took an elective course in Creative Writing. I was disappointed in the course because it seemed neither creative nor was there that much writing. My sister, Dolores, was the talkative one of the three of us. When we were young children she attempted, and was usually successful, in talking for Erland especially, and also tried to talk for me, although being much younger than she, by the time I was old enough to talk, she had partially given up that habit. Also, I was not as reticent to talk as Erland. In fact, since Erland and I shared the same bedroom, with separate beds, he would seemingly make up for not talking much during the day by attempting to talk non-stop when we went to bed. After a certain time I would tell him I wanted to sleep and it was time to stop talking. Some times he would stop and some times he didn’t so I would tell him to talk more during the day so I could get to sleep at night. In defense of the sibling rivalry Erland and I had it was understandable that he resented some family members, especially aunts, and other family friends, but not our parents, who repeatedly compared the heights of Erland and me. Saying things like Arnell is not there yet, 2. but is catching up with Erland in height and will surpass him one of these days. These were not particularly sophisticated people who clearly did not realize the psychological damage they might be imposing on a young boy. I know I would not have been amused had the situation been reversed. Eventually I did become taller than Erland by 6 foot one inch for me to about 5 foot ten inches for Erland, but that is beside the point. We had a large and even then old, but still strong and sound, chestnut tree in our front yard. Erland and I enjoyed not only climbing that tree, but we used to run along a couple of the lower really big tree limbs that were inclined to a degree being more horizontal than vertical. And we would also climb as high up in the tree as the tree limbs would allow us. For all the playing and scampering in that chestnut tree I do not remember either of us ever falling to the ground. And even we did and I don’t remember it - we certainly did not get hurt. Every fall that tree would yield copious amounts of chestnuts – some years more than others. Chestnuts are encased in a green outer covering that has spikes on it that are not soft, but not really hard either. Still, one had to be careful with one’s hands in removing the nut inside. The nuts had a thin covering on them that had to be removed before eating. Sometimes we ate the nuts raw, but mostly we would roast them. We thought they were delicious when roasted. I vaguely remember one year in winter, likely in late January or early February, there was so much snow on the ground that we would dig tunnels in the snow big enough for us to crawl through. I do not know the amount of snow we had then, but in the decade of 1940-49 at Michigan Tech there was an average of 184 inches of snowfall (15 1/3 ft.). In 1978-79 there was a record of 356 inches (circa 30 ft!) of snowfall at Michigan Tech so it would not surprise me if what I said at our house were accurate. There does not appear to be as much snowfall, at least in that part of Michigan where we lived, now as in the past. What that says about alleged Climate Change I do not know. We kids had a pet female cat that lived both in the barn and house. We were generally not allowed to let her follow us into the house so this smart cat developed a stratagem that overcame this prohibition. There was a coping around the entrance to the house and the cat would jump up on this coping while Erland and I would position ourselves to allow the cat to jump up on our shoulders and thus be carried into the house. We would tell our mother the cat just piggybacked on our shoulders and we could not do anything about it. This usually worked. The problem with this cat was she was too prolific in having kittens. She would give birth to her kittens and when they were old enough she would take them by the scruff of their neck and haul them in front of the door to the house in anticipation of being allowed into the house. She usually was allowed to do so. Unfortunately the story of our cat had a tragic ending. She had one too many pregnancies so one day late in the fall when the weather had turned cold we found her in a corner of the barn dead while trying to have her final patch of kittens. Not to dwell too much on sad stories, but the next story will be even more tragic. Erland and I kept pestering our parents to have a pet dog and finally they gave us one. He was a small dog (about the size of Elaine and Greg’s dog, Chase). His fur was mostly white and was curly, not straight. That dog (I do not remember his name) was a sheer joy, especially for me. I would lie on my back in the yard while the dog would playfully pretend to attack me. We had so much fun together. He was so frisky and playful. I loved that dog. While he was still a young dog one day Erland, our father, and I were hauling a length of railroad track iron on a low wagon in our yard (I do not remember why) with the dog along 3. with us. Suddenly the dog disappeared which should have alerted us, but didn’t. The dog was under the wagon and when we rolled the iron railroad track off the wagon onto the ground, the dog suddenly jumped out from under the wagon and the iron track came down directly onto his back, breaking it. Naturally he had to be “put down” to get him out of his pain and misery. What a tragedy! I was inconsolable and depressed for days – probably clinically so, but there were no “shrinks” around at that time so one had to carry on and get over it by oneself. Now I want to tell about my days at LeRoy High School. I was the top academic student in my class (the class Valedictorian) and the best athlete. I am not bragging – these are facts. The number one sport at LeRoy and the surrounding communities was basketball. I was the best player on our freshman basketball team made up of freshmen and sophomores who were not good enough to make the varsity team. I was so good in fact that the coach (more about him later) took the highly unusual step of having me suit up for a varsity basketball game. It turned out that I was too small and too inexperienced to compete successfully, but at least I was given a chance. During this period I would sometimes walk to the school gym on Saturdays and one time during the school week when the temperature was -40 degrees (at that temperature the Fahrenheit and Celsius readings are the same) I walked to school, heavily clothed of course. There were no classes that day because it was so cold that the school buses would not start. There was no wind chill; still this extremely low temperature caused the snow to make an unusual crunchy sound when walked upon. At these times in the gym I would take basketball shots from under the basket to out as far as 20 feet or more and make dozens of shots for 10 minutes or so and not miss once. My basketball agility and shooting ability were as nonpareil as could possibly be expected for a kid that age. In the spring of my freshman year, after the basketball season was over, the school hired a new basketball coach just out of college who also taught mathematics. He saw me and the other basketball players that spring and when I returned to school that fall he saw me and exclaimed, “What happened to you?” I had a growth spurt that summer and must have grown 3 inches or more. I had previously been a little shorter than he was, but now was a bit taller. I paid a price for growing so fast. I had lost some of my co-ordination and shooting ability so I was not a regular on the varsity basketball as a sophomore; instead one of my sophomore teammates was. I was the 6th player on the varsity team – the first substitute to come into the game. Erland was a regular on this team as a forward in his senior year. Improbably as it was during this time I became a hero for a short time on the varsity team. Late in the season we played a team from Evart, a class C school (we were a smaller school in D class). We played them every year and usually lost. This time we were playing them on their home court and late in the game they were ahead of us by one point. Then one of our guards - a junior named Vernon Johnson, fouled out of the game with 4 fouls (unlike today when 5 fouls gets one eliminated from the game). I came into the game as his replacement guard. The other guard was also a junior, named Chuck Peterson. He was small, but quick and smart, and the best player on the team. Evart had just scored a basket to go up by one point. I inbounded the ball to Chuck and two players from the Evart team guarded him and left me unguarded. They knew Chuck was an outstanding player and I supposed they thought I was a mere substitute and likely not very good. They turned out to be sadly mistaken. I knew enough to stay away from Chuck and he threw me the ball. I dribbled into their end of the court and took a long shot and scored. We were now ahead by one point. Evart inbounded the ball, worked their way down the court and scored. They were ahead by 4. one point. Then the same thing happened; I inbounded the ball to Chuck, the two Evart players guarded Chuck and left me alone and he passed it back to me. I again dribbled into their end of the court, took a long shot and scored one more time – we were back into the lead by one point. They called timeout, finally realizing that it was not good strategy to leave me unguarded. Play started again and they quickly worked the ball down court, as the time left in the game was really getting short. One can readily imagine there was bedlam occurring with the fans on both sides and it was difficult to hear anything. Anyway they shot the ball and the ball went into the basket. I thought, damn, they have won because now it was so near the end of the game that we would not have time to score again. At this point our coach came running out onto the court and told me we had won. I shouted how could that be because they had just scored. He said, no, the referee had blown his whistle before the shot was taken and it did not count. We had won! I was the school hero for a week or so until our next game. Erland was in that game and his kid brother who had come into the game, as a substitute, was the hero. How do you suppose that made him feel? I don’t know, but at the very least he must have had mixed feelings about it. As an aside, this Vernon Johnson was a somewhat disreputable character. My Aunt Alberta said he was even suspected of stealing occasionally. I was therefore surprised to learn that his son was elected to the Michigan state legislature and became Speaker after a few years. I surmise that the cliché about the acorns not falling far from the tree is not always valid. In my last two years I was one of the starting forwards on the team and in my senior year I was the team captain and leading scorer with a 16 points per game average. During that lower scoring time compared to now that was rather good. In these last two years the post-season state basketball tournament was not so good for us because we lost in the first games of the tournament. We had excellent regular season records, winning all but 2 or 3 of our games. In my senior year we were heavy favorites to win our first tournament game, yet we lost in the last seconds by one point because our center missed a layup right under the basket. Naturally in the locker room right after the game we were all angry and upset. I shouted out I made my sixteen points in the game, what happened to the rest of you? What a classless comment for me to make, especially as I was the team captain. Being young and emotional were not sufficient excuses. I should have been ashamed of myself, but I probably wasn’t. I also played baseball on our high school team, playing the infield at 1st or 2nd base. I was not the best player on the team, but did manage to hit 400 in my senior year (for anyone not familiar with baseball jargon that means getting a hit 40% of the times at bat excluding walks). In addition I was on the track team up until my junior year and won 3rd place in a regional track event, running the half-mile. I did not compete in my senior year because of lack of interest in training so hard and having other interests. In my senior year on the basketball team we had only a short training session on Fridays, the day of the game that evening. As a complete starting 5 we decided to skip the rest of school right after that practice, figuring the whole starting 5 would not be punished. We were wrong. In the game that evening we all started by sitting on the bench. At the end of the first half our team was behind in the score, not surprisingly. The coach asked us if we were ready to start playing in the 2nd half. Naturally we were and did and won the game. Lesson learned. Behave in school or suffer the consequences. I ran for class president in all four of my high school years – freshman through senior. All 5. four times I lost. Why? I had friends in my class, but obviously there were some of my classmates who were not overly impressed by me. I did not act in a particularly haughty or condescending manner; in other words I wasn’t a jerk, but I did not exactly hide my light under a basket either, to use a cliché. To my satisfaction I did have the final word on an important class decision. It was customary that each high school class over four years would put on a class play, have bake sales, etc. to raise money for a senior trip right after graduation. They would inevitably travel by school bus to Washington, D.C. and return via Niagara Falls with the superintendent who was licensed to drive the bus. By the time we were ready to take this trip, the superintendent, A. P. Bodary, was getting tired of taking this trip. At any rate he put out the word that he would not go with us; using as an excuse that we, as a class, had transgressed some school rule. We had a class meeting to discuss this situation. Some of the girls in the class wanted to go to him and beg him to go with us. I spoke up and said he clearly does not want to go with us and was using our supposed transgression as an excuse. I proposed that we ask the school principal to go with us. This man, Earl Lickert, was my basketball coach in my freshman year and was the one who thought so much of me that he had me suit up for one varsity basketball game, as I have previously mentioned. I told the class we should ask him and I would do the talking, explaining to them that we would all be graduates by them and not still students, therefore so as long as we obeyed the travel rules we could have an enjoyable time. This principal had a reputation for being strict in discipline, as did the superintendent. The class agreed and a small group of us made an appointment with Mr. Lickert. In his office he told us that he had heard that Mr. Bodary would not go with us on our trip. I told him that I did not know about that (a small lie), but we had not asked him (the truth) and we were asking him, Mr. Lickert, to go with us. He told us that he would think about it. After we left his office I told the group that I was confident that he would go with us and he did. We all had a great time with one small embarrassment for me. One morning when we were in our bus ready to go somewhere, my father’s cousin, Alvin Engstrom, who was a police officer in Washington, D. C. came to see me while I was seated in the bus. The night before, several of us boys had gone to a bar in downtown Wash. D.C. - try doing that today. The drinking age limit in Michigan was 21, but in Wash. D.C. it was 18. We were all eighteen so we did some beer drinking. That morning, not being used to alcohol, I had a terrific hangover and felt like hell. I had to get off the bus and briefly, very briefly, talk to my relative. I am sure he must have noticed the miserable state I was in. When Erland was a senior in high school and I was a sophomore our father planted an acre of cucumbers for us. He cultivated, planted and fertilized it. Again in Michigan in the summer it was not necessary to water as there was enough rainfall to properly water everything. He did not charge us for any of that so what we received for the cucumbers was all for us. There was a Heinz pickles storage place next to the railroad tracks in LeRoy. We would take the harvested cucumbers there to sell them. Erland and I would each pick ¼ acre of the cucumbers each day over two days and then wait a day or two before starting over. They grew fast in the long daylight hours in Michigan in the summer. The objective was to pick the cucumbers to get the right size. If the cucumbers were too big we could not sell them. They were put on a simple mechanical sorting machine that had horizontal slats so that if they were too large they would not go through the slats and be discarded. If they went through the first layer of slats, but not the second layer them we would get a certain price for them. If they also went through this second layer of the sorting we would get a higher price. But, of course, if the size was very small they would not weigh much, which was important as we were paid by the pound. That season was a good one for cucumbers and it paid for 6. Erland’s first year at Central Michigan College in Mt. Pleasant, Mich. I did the same thing with ½ an acre the next year and while the harvest was not quite as good as the previous year it and my previous year’s work paid for my freshman year at Michigan Tech and probably then some as I had a four year automatic scholarship as my class Valedictorian which paid for my Michigan in state tuition. All freshmen students not living at home were required to live in the school dormitory. The rates were reasonable for the times. During Erland’s 2nd year at Central Michigan, while I was a senior in high school, I drove the family car to visit him one weekend. We had a good time, however driving back home that Sunday afternoon I almost killed myself and another person in what could have been a fatal auto accident. It was in the spring and while there was not any snow on the roads, there were occasional patches of ice on the roads in low spots. A safe speed would have been 40 MPH or a bit under. I was driving at 50 to 55 MPH at the top of a hill in the road when I came upon a driver doing I am sure no more than 30 MPH. Just then there was a another car coming in the opposite lane (there were only single lanes in each direction) I had to make a split second decision whether to drive off of the road into a ditch which would have severely damaged the car and cause me to be stuck or take a chance and accelerate to pass the car in front of me and get back in my proper lane before hitting the car coming at me. I chose the latter course and made it in a close call. I drove on for a mile or so in an agitated condition before realizing I needed to slow to 40 MPH, which I proceeded to do. Fortunately I had the fast reactions of a young man and perhaps a bit of luck. I did not tell my parents or anyone else about this when I got home. When it became known that I would be the Valedictorian of my high school class Dolores’ and Erland’s reactions were the same. They said if I had been in their classes I would not have been the Valedictorian, meaning the students in their classes were smarter than my classmates. What an untrue and ungracious thing to say. As far as I remember this was not in reaction to anything I said about my having accomplished that feat and they did not, but was spoken as a put down. I may have deserved to be diminished for what I said at other times, but I did nothing to deserve it then. When I went to college I lived in a dormitory and had a roommate from Lima, Ohio with whom I got along well. Across the hall from us was a fellow from Detroit, named Jerry Stowe. His roommate had not shown up yet, but he knew his name, which was Eugene Davis from a city just outside of Detroit. Judging by the name Jerry was mightily concerned that his roommate would turn out to be black. He need not have been concerned. His roommate was white and turned out to be a bigger racist than he was. This was a bit strange actually as Jerry had a tan complexion himself. His father was a successful auto salesman, as Anglo looking as he could be, and whom I met a couple of times. Even at those less expensive times the father could not be bothered to keep any loose change. Jerry’s mother had some Native American genes which must have been passed on to Jerry who was a swimmer in high school and was a varsity swimmer at Mich. Tech in all four of his years. Jerry’s mother was Catholic, but Jerry was not brought up that way. He would ask me if I thought he was or should have been a Catholic. I repeatedly told him he could be what he wanted to be, a Catholic or not. He seemed unpersuaded by me. After had completing my freshman year at Michigan Tech that summer I went with Erland and two of his friends to look for summer jobs in Flint, Michigan. We all found jobs, but 7. strangely could not find a cheap place to live so we went to Lansing, Michigan and there we found a trailer park and rented a furnished trailer to live in for the summer. The other three found work on a construction site they had worked on before. The foreman who hired them knew them, but because he did not know me, he would not hire me. Fortunately, I found a place within walking distance of the trailer to work at during the summer. This was a small shop where the owner had invented a different type of lawnmower that was made in the shop and was selling briskly. I help assembly the lawn mowing machines. In my sophomore year at Tech I took calculus from a professor named C. George Stipe. He had A.B, A.M., B.S., M.S., C.E., and Ph.D. degrees. He was unusual in other ways too in that he played on the University of Michigan football team and was a Major in the United States Army in WW1. This led to an interesting situation just after WW2 that was still being repeated when I started at Michigan Tech in 1953. There were many WW2 military veterans who attended Michigan Tech right after the war and Professor Stipe had his share in his class. At one point he told them he was a Major in the army while they were still in three-cornered pants (presumably in diapers) so they should salute him. One of the veterans spoke up and said then perhaps Professor Stipe should salute him because he had been a Lt. Colonel in the United States Air Force. As pilots in the Air Force in WW2 usually you either died young or were promoted rapidly. These military veterans were not kids right out of high school, they were serious fellows (no girls), many married, who were there to get degrees and start their careers. I knew that Stipe was a tough customer before I enrolled in his calculus class, but owing to scheduling of other courses I could not avoid that. He made all of his students work hard. Every class started with a one-problem math quiz and he would check if you got the right answer. I did not regret taking calculus from him because I learned a lot and he was fair in his grading – you got the grade you deserved. One day after I had been through with his class for a while I encountered him while walking on campus. He had his head down when I approached him and I said “Good afternoon Professor Stipe”. He raised his head in surprise and returned my greeting. Any time after that when I encountered him walking on campus he would smile and say hello. I surmised that other ex-students of his would just ignore him if they passed him on campus so he was not used to being spoken to in a friendly manner. I harbored no ill will against him even though he could be imperious and demanding. As a side note, it was in my junior year when I received my best yearly grade average of B+ that I got my only F grade and deliberately so. Why you ask? There was a required course in Mining Engineering that was composed of periodic tests, a final test, and a mining engineering problem that had only one final answer and it had to be drawn out on a large piece of drafting paper. I was not especially neat in drafting therefore the best grade I could get on it was a B, providing I got the correct answer. If the wrong answer was obtained, then a new problem could be submitted; only this time the best grade one could get was a B. The problem counted for 50% of the final grade. I got the wrong answer so instead of redoing the problem with the chance of, at most, receiving an overall C in the course I decided to just drop it. I received an F and retook the course in my senior year when I would have more time. The next year I received a B in the course. After my junior year at Michigan Tech, I got a summer job with Shell Oil Co. in Louisiana. I 8. do not actually know why I was chosen to receive this offer. The top student in my class taking Geological Engineering with an emphasis on geophysics was offered the job. He decided to go to summer school so he turned down the offer. It was next offered to me. The offer was for a single status, not a married student, contingent upon the recipient passing a physical examination. I was young and healthy so that was no problem. My best guess is that I was chosen because I had improved my grades each year receiving approximately a C+ as freshman, a B- as a sophomore, and a B+ as a junior. Don’t judge me too harshly for initially getting a C+. I was less prepared than most of my freshmen colleagues. For example in my freshman class in a course on trigonometry the professor asked anyone in the class to raise their hand if they had not taken trigonometry in high school. I was the only one to raise his hand. The professor said he would proceed as if nobody had taken trigonometry before. Of course he could not hold up the rest of the class just for me. I received a C in the course. At least I had the satisfaction of knowing that as I improved in my grades there were some students who started out with better grades than I received, but had flunked out by the time of my junior year. I have written about my experiences with a summer job then a permanent job as a geophysicist with the Shell Oil Co. in Louisiana and Texas in an essay in my book so now I will just tell the story of when I quit my job with Shell when I learned I could not get a foreign assignment with them owing to lack of experience. At that time Shell USA was a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell in the Netherlands. I simply wrote letters to several other American Oil companies asking if they would hire me for a foreign assignment. The only company to respond positively was Mobil Oil. I was told that they had positions available in geophysics in Venezuela and Libya. That was not completely true as even then Mobil people were being pulled out of Venezuela owing to a dispute about revenues between the oil companies and the government, sending them to other locations, especially Libya. I didn’t care where I was sent as long as it was in a foreign place. I was hired contingent upon passing a physical examination. I was notified by telegram (not by cell phone as that invention was still in the future for seemingly a hundred years or more) that I should take a physical exam by a physician in my area they named. I went to that address only to find out that he was retired and unavailable. When I informed the Mobil office in New York by return telegram of this someone must have realized they had not even met me so I was invited to come to New York, at their expense, to take a physical exam and meet them. While I was there I also had some required vaccinations. A few weeks later I returned to New York on my way to Libya. Just before I returned from Shell Oil in Houston, Texas and after I had submitted my resignation, as I had received a job offer with Mobil Oil, I contacted Erland to tell him I would be driving to Michigan and would be there in time to be his best man at his soon-to-be wedding to Donna. He told me he was not sure I would get there in time so he had chosen one of his close friends to be his best man. I was disappointed, but drove all the way from Houston to LeRoy, stopping only to get something to eat and pulling over to the side of the road for a couple of hours of sleep on two occasions. I made it to the wedding in time. I had to apply for permission from the military draft board to leave the country because of my military draft status to take up my job with Mobil Oil in Libya. This permission was given. I asked the secretary of the draft board what the reason was that I was given this permission and she told she did not know for sure, but thought it was because I had spent four years in the Naval Reserves so I had had previous military training. Perhaps it was a close call that I 9. was allowed to go to Libya and if I had not spent four years in the US Naval Reserves (between the ages of 17 and 21) I might not have been allowed to leave the USA. Imagine how differently everything would have turned out if that had happened. The policy of Mobil Oil in Libya was that the employees would work for two years then have two months vacation. I started working in Libya in November 1957 and took my first vacation in the fall of 1959. I first went to Europe, starting in Nice, France then on to West Berlin, Germany. While there I took a chartered bus trip to East Berlin. The contrast between West and East Berlin at that time was striking. West Berlin was developed and modernized while in East Berlin, under Soviet control, there were still craters from bombs having been dropped during the 2nd World War. From there I went to Munich, Germany because I had read somewhere, perhaps in Fielding’s Travel Guide, there was a medical specialist in fitting contact lenses. I made an appointment with him to get the proper eye examination and measurements and was told to return in a few hours for the lenses. He loaned me a pair of sunglasses to wear while I was outside. I said I did not need them, but he said yes you do because your eyes are dilated. Returning after a few hours I had my contacts. A few weeks later I woke up in the middle of the night with my eyes burning even though I never kept the contacts in my eyes at night. I found out that, at least at that time, I was not a good candidate for contact lenses and seldom wore them again. From Munich I went to Geneva, Switzerland and bought an Omega wristwatch for $100 (quite a bit of money in those days), then on to Amsterdam, Netherlands. From there I came back to the United States to see my mother where she was living near Detroit at that time. I showed her a photo of Lidia and explained that she was my girlfriend. She said she was very pretty, but was an Italian. I answered yes, but that did not matter; I loved her and was going to marry her. My mother accepted that because she knew when I had decided something that was the way it was going to be. After my paternal grandmother, Hulda Engstrom, got to know Lidia she liked her very much. My grandmother who came to the USA at age three (then named Hulda Lindstrom who married Carl Engstrom when she was 18 years old) gave Lidia a linen tablecloth her mother had brought from Sweden many years ago. Perhaps part of it was that my grandmother and Lidia were both immigrants who came to the United States and became naturalized citizens. It would make more sense to be accused of being ashamed of being too old than for being too young, yet that is what happened to me. When I went to Libya to work for Mobil Oil (officially Mobil Oil Canada Branch) I lived in the staff house which was for Mobil Oil unmarried employees. One of the first people I met was a man named Herman Barilli, who had been transferred from the Mobil New York office to become head of the drafting department in Libya. Herman temporarily lived in the staff house because his wife in New York did not immediately come with him owing to their second daughter being too young to travel at that time. Herman had deserted from the Italian army at the end of WWII and went to New York where he met and married, Lonny, whose parents were Italian immigrants. He was 39 years old when I met him in Libya and I was 23 years old in November 1957. After two or so months he asked me how old I was. By that time I was 24 years old and told him that. A couple of months later he again asked me how old I was. Again I told him I was 24. He said oh, you are still 24? In another couple of months he asked me how old I was. I repeated that I was still 24. He then said that I should be ashamed of being so young. We were good friends as well as fellow employees of Mobil. 10. One day I went to the drafting department and asked Herman how things were going. He told me everything was “caos.” I said “What?” He said, yes everything was “caos.” I then understood. The conditions of supervising his Libyan draftsmen were in chaos. Because he was such a good friend, a couple of years later when I got married I asked him to be my best man and he accepted. Of course there was another reason I asked him - he could communicate with Lidia and her family and friends in their language. I spent eight years in Libya with Mobil Oil. That was highly unusual for one person to be in the same foreign location for so long. When it became time for me to leave I was given two possible choices for my next assignment. There was a plan to start a small geophysical group in Germany and if that eventuated would I be interested in joining it. The other choice would be to go to join the geophysical group already established in Dallas. I said I would be glad to go to either place. As it turned out the group in Germany was never formed so I went to the Dallas group in September 1965. For the first several years I was part of the domestic geophysical exploration operation, specializing in processing geophysical data and working with the exploration specialists at our research center in Duncanville. For my last 17 years at Mobil in Dallas I was part of Mobil International making trips to London; Stavanger, Norway; Düsseldorf, Germany; Vienna; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Chile; Kenya; Singapore; Indonesia; and in my last two years, five trips to the Soviet Union including Moscow, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. I retired in 1992. There had been retirements in Mobil domestic previously, both voluntarily and forced, but people in Mobil international were not included. This time, when we were included, I chose to retire. The conditions were just too good not to. I had been planning to retire by the time I was 60 years old and I was now 58 ½ years old. Included in the benefits of the retirement were: 18 more months of salary; a couple months of pay without having to show up for work; four hundred dollars per month of pre-Social Security until age 62; a paid retirement dinner for up to a dozen friends (we chose the Mansion in Dallas at a cost of $1800); a grandfather clock; and a crystal vase for Lidia. How could one refuse? I actually went to a meeting at the Mobil office, which included a couple of Mobil representatives from the New York office, the Monday following my retirement as the subject was about our exploration interest the Caspian Sea. I had been involved in that project and thought I could contribute something to this meeting. There were a couple of people in the Dallas office with Mobil international who chose not to voluntarily retire. They were involuntarily retired and were subjected to the indignity of being escorted from the building as a matter of policy. I wrote this essay titled Growing Up In Michigan to document my early life. As a boy growing up in a small town, I set goals for the rest of my life. First of my life’s goals was not to become a teacher like my mother, sister, and brother. Next was to become an engineer and see as much of the world as I could. I accomplished this by becoming an oil and gas exploration geophysicist that allowed me to travel to many countries on four continents. Third was to have a great family. I definitely achieved that with a loving wife, three successful and wonderful children with their spouses, and four fantastic grandchildren. I believe I have achieved my goals and I am now happily retired in Texas. 11.